> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.scite.ai/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Get search results from a query > Search publication metadata and citation statements with Boolean terms, filters, sorting, pagination, and optional aggregations. Citation snippet text is hidden on self-service keys. ## OpenAPI ````yaml /openapi.json get /api_partner/search openapi: 3.1.0 info: title: Scite API description: >- The Scite API provides publication metadata, Smart Citation tallies, citation graphs, literature search, paper recommendations, collections, Reference Check, Assistant, Evidence datasets, and MCP access. Use the **Documentation** tab for task-oriented guides and the **API Reference** tab for endpoint schemas and parameters. ## Authentication Papers and Tallies endpoints are public. Most other endpoints require a bearer credential: ``` Authorization: Bearer ``` Pro users can create and manage keys in the [API Console](https://scite.ai/users/me/api). Available scopes depend on the account. Enterprise credentials, higher limits, and additional scopes are available through [sales](https://scite.ai/contact). See **Authentication** in the Documentation tab for the access matrix, and **Errors and rate limits** for recovery guidance. Use of the API is subject to the [Scite Terms of Use](https://scite.ai/terms). version: latest x-logo: url: https://cdn.scite.ai/assets/images/logo-blue.svg license: name: Scite Terms of Use url: https://scite.ai/terms servers: - url: https://api.scite.ai description: Production security: - BearerAuth: [] tags: - name: Search description: >- Search metadata and citation statements in Scite. Using the Search API for commercial or research use requires a separate license agreement not covered by individual plans. Please email sales@scite.ai for more information. - name: Paper recommendations description: >- Return papers related to a supplied DOI. Recommendations are available for evaluation with eligible Pro access; commercial or research use requires a separate license agreement. Contact sales@scite.ai for licensing. - name: Papers description: >- Retrieve publication metadata by DOI or PMID, including title, abstract, authors, journal, identifiers, retraction status, and editorial notices. Papers endpoints are public. - name: Tallies description: >- Retrieve Smart Citation tallies by DOI. Tally counts represent citation statements; `citingPublications` represents distinct citing publications. Tallies endpoints are public. - name: Smart Citation Graph description: >- Retrieve citations at the in-text level between and from papers by DOI. For example, given a DOI, get a list of citing DOIs including the section and classification of each citation statement. Snippets are not included in the response. Note that these endpoints are restricted without an API token. - name: References description: |- Retrieve references to and from publications by DOI. Note that these endpoints require an API token for usage. - name: Journal description: |- Retrieve aggregate information about journals by ISSN. ### ISSN Format ### A valid ISSN is in the format `dddd-dddC`, where: ``` - d = any decimal digit (0-9) - C = checksum (0-9 or X) ``` - name: Authors description: Retrieve author metadata and papers by author slug. - name: Collections description: >- Create, retrieve, update, and remove collections: sets of papers monitored over time. A dashboard is a report on a collection. - name: Reference Check description: >- Schedule and retrieve reference check jobs. Note that a paid license is required for this feature (please email sales@scite.ai for more information). For an example output report: [see here](https://scite.ai/reference-check/683e0cbc-b322-4692-be6d-f5432b4a453c). - name: Assistant description: >- Ask research questions and receive answers grounded in Scite citation evidence. The Assistant API is asynchronous: 1. Submit a request with `POST /api_partner/assistant/poll` to receive a task ID. 2. Poll `GET /api_partner/assistant/tasks/{task_id}` until the task completes. Both endpoints require a bearer credential with the `assistant` scope. - name: Evidence description: >- Search patents, clinical trials, and grants via the Resolute evidence datasets. Requires an API token with a per-dataset scope (`evidence:patents:api`, `evidence:grants:api`, `evidence:clinical-trials:api`). Please email sales@scite.ai for access. ## Query parameters ### `q` — free-text query Supports boolean operators (`AND`, `OR`, `NOT`) and phrase matching with double quotes. Examples: `q=CRISPR`, `q="gene therapy" AND cancer`, `q=diabetes NOT type+1` ### `f` — field filters Space-delimited filters in `field:"value"` format. **Values must be quoted** with double quotes. Call `GET /schema` for the full list of filterable fields per dataset. **Patent filters**: `patents.filingStatus` (`"application"`, `"grant"`), `patents.assignees.name`, `patents.inventors.name`, `patents.languages` (ISO 639-1, e.g. `"en"`) **Clinical trial filters**: `trialState.phase` (`"Phase I"` .. `"Phase IV"`, `"N/A"`), `trialState.overallStatus` (`"Recruiting"`, `"Completed"`, …), `conditions`, `interventions.name`, `sponsors.name`, `registry` (`"ClinicalTrials.gov"`, `"UMIN-CTR"`, …), `design.studyType` (`"Interventional"`, `"Observational"`) **Grant filters**: `agency`, `organization`, `piName`, `country` (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3, e.g. `"USA"`, `"GBR"`), `dataSource` (`"NIH RePORTER"`, `"NSF"`, …) Example: `f=trialState.phase:"Phase III" trialState.overallStatus:"Recruiting"` **Date range filters** use `gte` (>=) and `lt` (<) suffixes with ISO dates or epoch milliseconds: `f=dates.startDategte:"2024-01-01" dates.startDatelt:"2025-01-01"`. Epoch ms: `f=dates.startDategte:"1704067200000" dates.startDatelt:"1735689600000"`. Dates without a timezone are interpreted as UTC. Timezone offsets are supported: `"2024-01-01T00:00:00+05:00"`. No space between the field name and the suffix. ### `s` — sort mode Default is `_relevance`. Call `GET /schema` to discover sortable fields per dataset. ## Response format note Some fields in search and detail responses may be either a plain string or an object `{"id": "...", "name": "..."}` (and optionally `"highlighted": "..."`), depending on the query. Consumers should handle both shapes, e.g. `value.id ?? value.name ?? value`. - name: PubMed Source Tallies description: >- Retrieve tallies indicating how many times a given paper was cited by documents of various types from PubMed (e.g. how many times was a given DOI cited by practice guidelines). paths: /api_partner/search: get: tags: - Search summary: Get search results from a query description: >- Search publication metadata and citation statements with Boolean terms, filters, sorting, pagination, and optional aggregations. Citation snippet text is hidden on self-service keys. operationId: searchPublications parameters: - name: format in: query required: false schema: enum: - json - csv - ris type: string description: Result format. examples: - csv default: json title: Format description: Result format. - name: term in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: Cross-field search term. Can be left blank. default: '' title: Term description: Cross-field search term. Can be left blank. - name: mode in: query required: false schema: enum: - all - citations - papers - question-answering type: string description: Select search mode, see above. default: all title: Mode description: Select search mode, see above. - name: limit in: query required: false schema: type: integer description: How many results to fetch. Up to 10,000 can be fetched at once. default: 10 title: Limit description: How many results to fetch. Up to 10,000 can be fetched at once. - name: offset in: query required: false schema: type: integer description: Can be used for pagination in combination with `limit`. default: 0 title: Offset description: Can be used for pagination in combination with `limit`. - name: sort in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string enum: - date - total_cited - total_supported - total_contrasted - total_mentioned - total_citing_publications - type: 'null' description: >- How the results should be sorted. Leave blank for generic query 'relevance'. title: Sort description: >- How the results should be sorted. Leave blank for generic query 'relevance'. - name: sort_order in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string enum: - asc - desc - type: 'null' description: Result sort order for selected sort. title: Sort Order description: Result sort order for selected sort. - name: title in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: Match text in publication title. title: Title description: Match text in publication title. - name: abstract in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: Match text in publication abstract. title: Abstract description: Match text in publication abstract. - name: doi in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: >- Scope the search to a single DOI (exact match). Convenience alias for a one-element `dois`. Combine with `term` to search within a known publication. title: Doi description: >- Scope the search to a single DOI (exact match). Convenience alias for a one-element `dois`. Combine with `term` to search within a known publication. - name: dois in: query required: false schema: type: array items: type: string description: >- Scope the search to one or more specific DOIs (exact match). Combine with `term` to search within a known publication. default: [] title: Dois description: >- Scope the search to one or more specific DOIs (exact match). Combine with `term` to search within a known publication. - name: date_from in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: >- Match publications published from this date onwards (YYYY-MM-DD or just YYYY). title: Date From description: >- Match publications published from this date onwards (YYYY-MM-DD or just YYYY). - name: date_to in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: >- Match publications published up to this date (YYYY-MM-DD or just YYYY). title: Date To description: >- Match publications published up to this date (YYYY-MM-DD or just YYYY). - name: citation_types in: query required: false schema: type: array items: type: string enum: - supporting - contrasting - mentioning description: Match smart citations of certain types. default: [] title: Citation Types description: Match smart citations of certain types. - name: has_retraction in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: boolean - type: 'null' description: Publication has retraction or not. title: Has Retraction description: Publication has retraction or not. - name: has_concern in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: boolean - type: 'null' description: Publication has editorial concern or not. title: Has Concern description: Publication has editorial concern or not. - name: has_correction in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: boolean - type: 'null' description: Publication has correction or not. title: Has Correction description: Publication has correction or not. - name: has_erratum in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: boolean - type: 'null' description: Publication has erratum or not. title: Has Erratum description: Publication has erratum or not. - name: has_withdrawn in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: boolean - type: 'null' description: Publication has been withdrawn or not. title: Has Withdrawn description: Publication has been withdrawn or not. - name: has_tally in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: boolean - type: 'null' description: >- Publication has smart citations made towards it or not (i.e. a Scite tally of > 0). title: Has Tally description: >- Publication has smart citations made towards it or not (i.e. a Scite tally of > 0). - name: supporting_from in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: integer - type: 'null' description: >- Number of supporting citations made from publication. Leave blank for any count. title: Supporting From description: >- Number of supporting citations made from publication. Leave blank for any count. - name: supporting_to in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: integer - type: 'null' description: >- Number of supporting citations made toward publication. Leave blank for any count. title: Supporting To description: >- Number of supporting citations made toward publication. Leave blank for any count. - name: mentioning_from in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: integer - type: 'null' description: >- Number of mentioning citations made from publication. Leave blank for any count. title: Mentioning From description: >- Number of mentioning citations made from publication. Leave blank for any count. - name: mentioning_to in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: integer - type: 'null' description: >- Number of mentioning citations made toward publication. Leave blank for any count. title: Mentioning To description: >- Number of mentioning citations made toward publication. Leave blank for any count. - name: contrasting_from in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: integer - type: 'null' description: >- Number of contrasting citations made from publication. Leave blank for any count. title: Contrasting From description: >- Number of contrasting citations made from publication. Leave blank for any count. - name: contrasting_to in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: integer - type: 'null' description: >- Number of contrasting citations made toward publication. Leave blank for any count. title: Contrasting To description: >- Number of contrasting citations made toward publication. Leave blank for any count. - name: citing_publications_from in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: integer - type: 'null' description: >- Number of traditional citations made from publication AKA the number of references. Leave blank for any count. title: Citing Publications From description: >- Number of traditional citations made from publication AKA the number of references. Leave blank for any count. - name: citing_publications_to in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: integer - type: 'null' description: >- Number of traditional citations made toward publication. Leave blank for any count. title: Citing Publications To description: >- Number of traditional citations made toward publication. Leave blank for any count. - name: author in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: Publication author name. title: Author description: Publication author name. - name: authors in: query required: false schema: items: type: string type: array title: Authors default: [] - name: journal in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: Journal in which publication appears. title: Journal description: Journal in which publication appears. - name: journals in: query required: false schema: items: type: string type: array title: Journals default: [] - name: publisher in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: Publisher of the publication. title: Publisher description: Publisher of the publication. - name: section in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' title: Section description: Publication section in which citation statement appears. description: Publication section in which citation statement appears. - name: sections in: query required: false schema: items: type: string type: array title: Sections default: [] - name: paper_type in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: Publication type. title: Paper Type description: Publication type. - name: paper_types in: query required: false schema: type: array items: type: string default: [] title: Paper Types - name: affiliation in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: Author affiliation. title: Affiliation description: Author affiliation. - name: affiliations in: query required: false schema: items: type: string type: array title: Affiliations default: [] - name: topic in: query required: false schema: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' description: Publication topic. title: Topic description: Publication topic. - name: topics in: query required: false schema: items: type: string type: array title: Topics default: [] - name: substances in: query required: false schema: type: array items: type: string description: Pubchem substance canonical name. default: [] title: Substances description: Pubchem substance canonical name. - name: mesh_type in: query required: false schema: type: array items: type: string description: Pubmed mesh descriptor and/or qualifier for publication. default: [] title: Mesh Type description: Pubmed mesh descriptor and/or qualifier for publication. - name: compute_aggregations in: query required: false schema: type: boolean description: >- For a given search query, this flag will control whether counts are computed and returned for the possible aggregations. default: false title: Compute Aggregations description: >- For a given search query, this flag will control whether counts are computed and returned for the possible aggregations. - name: aggregations in: query required: false schema: type: array items: type: string enum: - authors - affiliations - paper_types - journals - topics - substances - mesh_descriptors - editorial_notices - date_histogram_tally - max_date - min_date description: >- List of aggregation types to compute counts for. Only used if `compute_aggregations` is true. default: - authors - affiliations - paper_types - journals - editorial_notices - date_histogram_tally - topics - mesh_descriptors - substances - max_date - min_date title: Aggregations description: >- List of aggregation types to compute counts for. Only used if `compute_aggregations` is true. - name: authorization in: header required: false schema: type: string description: Set to `Bearer ` to pass token for authorization. title: Authorization description: Set to `Bearer ` to pass token for authorization. responses: '200': description: Successful Response content: application/json: schema: $ref: '#/components/schemas/SearchResultsResponse' '401': $ref: '#/components/responses/Unauthorized' '403': $ref: '#/components/responses/Forbidden' '422': description: Validation Error content: application/json: schema: $ref: '#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError' '429': $ref: '#/components/responses/TooManyRequests' '500': $ref: '#/components/responses/InternalServerError' components: schemas: SearchResultsResponse: properties: count: type: integer title: Count countIsApproximate: type: boolean title: Countisapproximate default: false aggregations: $ref: '#/components/schemas/AggregationSchema' hits: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/SearchResultSchema' type: array title: Hits suggestedTerm: anyOf: - type: string - type: 'null' title: Suggestedterm restrictedCites: type: boolean title: Restrictedcites default: false type: object required: - count - aggregations - hits title: SearchResultsResponse example: aggregations: affiliations: [] authors: [] dateHistogram: [] editorialNotices: [] journals: [] meshDescriptors: [] paperTypes: [] substances: [] topics: [] count: 111787 hits: - abstract: >- The ability to alter genomes specifically by CRISPR-Cas gene editing has revolutionized biological research, biotechnology, and medicine. Broad therapeutic application of this technology, however, will require thorough preclinical assessment of off-target editing by homology-based prediction coupled with reliable methods for detecting off-target editing. Several off-target site nomination assays exist, but careful comparison is needed to ascertain their relative strengths and weaknesses. In this study, HEK293T cells were treated with Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 and eight guide RNAs with varying levels of predicted promiscuity in order to compare the performance of three homology-independent off-target nomination methods: the cell-based assay, GUIDE-seq, and the biochemical assays CIRCLE-seq and SITE-seq. The three methods were benchmarked by sequencing 75,000 homology-nominated sites using hybrid capture followed by high-throughput sequencing, providing the most comprehensive assessment of such methods to date. The three methods performed similarly in nominating sequence-confirmed off-target sites, but with large differences in the total number of sites nominated. When combined with homology-dependent nomination methods and confirmation by sequencing, all three off-target nomination methods provide a comprehensive assessment of off-target activity. GUIDE-seq's low false-positive rate and the high correlation of its signal with observed editing highlight its suitability for nominating off-target sites for ex vivo CRISPR-Cas therapies. authors: - authorName: Nicole Flanagan authorSequenceNumber: '5' authorSlug: nicole-flanagan-RVyDAMN - authorName: Maria C Lei Zhang authorSequenceNumber: '6' authorSlug: maria-c-lei-zhang-K6bjW3p - authorName: John D Kulman authorSequenceNumber: '13' authorSlug: john-d-kulman-9O8j4OG - authorName: Andrew Kernytsky authorSequenceNumber: '15' authorSlug: andrew-kernytsky-VKLdVO - authorName: Elaine Huang authorSequenceNumber: '7' authorSlug: elaine-huang-dvv0pd9 - authorName: Aditya S Khedkar authorSequenceNumber: '8' authorSlug: aditya-s-khedkar-XxaxLDE - authorName: J Mike Toomey authorSequenceNumber: '9' authorSlug: j-mike-toomey-mOPAr62 - authorName: Courtney A Shearer authorSequenceNumber: '10' authorSlug: courtney-a-shearer-D1MV3Lw - authorName: Alexander W Needham authorSequenceNumber: '11' authorSlug: alexander-w-needham-EWmRZnP - authorName: Tony W. Ho authorSequenceNumber: '12' authorSlug: tony-w-ho-mG9vLj - affiliation: CRISPR Therapeutics affiliationSlug: crispr-therapeutics-XegjD authorName: Hemangi G. Chaudhari authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: hemangi-g-chaudhari-ePLGRZ - authorName: Thomas J. Cradick authorSequenceNumber: '14' authorSlug: thomas-j-cradick-4YpK8P - affiliation: TScan Therapeutics affiliationSlug: tscan-therapeutics-j6D0l authorName: Holly J Whitton authorSequenceNumber: '3' authorSlug: holly-j-whitton-68br3jp - affiliation: CRISPR Therapeutics affiliationSlug: crispr-therapeutics-XegjD authorName: Jon Penterman authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: jon-penterman-ke5XYw3 - affiliation: CRISPR Therapeutics affiliationSlug: crispr-therapeutics-XegjD authorName: Sarah J Spencer authorSequenceNumber: '4' authorSlug: sarah-j-spencer-MVEyDLY citations: - id: 2369710504 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8899999856948853 negative: 0.015631215646862984 neutral: 1 positive: 0.018351007252931595 refLocation: b2/1 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: >- The development of engineered nucleases that target specific sites in the genome has driven advances in basic and applied research at a rapid pace. 1 , 2 The more recent advent of facile CRISPR-Cas methods for programmable RNA-guided genome editing has further quickened the pace of both discovery and clinical application. 3 , 4 The Cas9 nuclease, in combination with a chimeric guide RNA (gRNA), cleaves genomic sites in a sequence-specific manner. snippetHidden: false source: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0053 target: 10.1038/mtna.2011.5 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2020-12-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0053 editorialNotices: - date: 2020-12-1 doi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0053 noticeDoi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.29116.smi status: Comment - date: 2021-2-1 doi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0053 noticeDoi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0053.correx status: Has erratum highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0053 issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '6' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1621320453 meshTypes: - descriptorId: D000072669 descriptorName: Gene Editing qualifierId: Q000379 qualifierName: methods - descriptorId: D000072669 descriptorName: Gene Editing qualifierId: Q000639 qualifierName: trends - descriptorId: D000072669 descriptorName: Gene Editing qualifierId: Q000941 qualifierName: ethics - descriptorId: D064113 descriptorName: CRISPR-Cas Systems qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D015894 descriptorName: Genome, Human qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D042822 descriptorName: Genomic Instability qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D059014 descriptorName: High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing qualifierId: Q000379 qualifierName: methods - descriptorId: D017394 descriptorName: RNA, Guide qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D013297 descriptorName: Streptococcus pyogenes qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D013297 descriptorName: Streptococcus pyogenes qualifierId: Q000472 qualifierName: pathogenicity normalizedTypes: - research support, non-u.s. gov't - article page: 440-453 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: evaluation-of-homology-independent-crispr-cas9-off-target-8G5M9DL9 tally: citingPublications: 13 contradicting: 0 mentioning: 9 supporting: 0 total: 9 unclassified: 0 title: >- Evaluation of Homology-Independent CRISPR-Cas9 Off-Target Assessment Methods volume: '3' year: 2020 - abstract: >- The constant selective pressure exerted by phages, the viruses that infect bacteria, has led to the evolution of a wide range of anti-phage defenses. One of these defense mechanisms, CRISPR-Cas, provides an adaptive immune system to battle phage infection and inhibit horizontal gene transfer by plasmids, transposons, and other mobile genetic elements. Although CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread in bacteria and archaea, they appear to have minimal long-term evolutionary effects with respect to limiting horizontal gene transfer. One factor that may contribute to this may be the presence of potent inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas systems, known as anti-CRISPR proteins. Forty unique families of anti-CRISPR proteins have been described to date. These inhibitors, which are active against both Class 1 and 2 CRISPR-Cas systems, have a wide range of mechanisms of activity. Studies of these proteins have provided important insight into the evolutionary arms race between bacteria and phages, and have contributed to the development of biotechnological tools that can be harnessed for control of CRISPR-Cas genome editing. authors: - affiliation: University of Toronto affiliationSlug: university-of-toronto-xWjA authorName: Sungwon Hwang authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: sungwon-hwang-G35YWgb - affiliation: University of Toronto affiliationSlug: university-of-toronto-xWjA authorName: Karen L. Maxwell authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: karen-l-maxwell-RZvJNG citations: - id: 2187679880 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8899999856948853 negative: 0.03010692000389099 neutral: 1 positive: 0.02649279497563839 refLocation: b27/4 section: protein inhibitors of crispr-cas systems 27 selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0052 target: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.037 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2187679811 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9300000071525574 negative: 0.009289187192916869 neutral: 1 positive: 0.012535284273326397 refLocation: b7/1 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0052 target: 10.1038/nature11723 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2187679834 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8999999761581421 negative: 0.0020255858078598974 neutral: 1 positive: 0.0019376501441001892 refLocation: b23/1 section: probing for additional anti-crisprs selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0052 target: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0043 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2019-02-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0052 editorialNotices: [] highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0052 issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '1' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1614211293 meshTypes: - descriptorId: D001105 descriptorName: Archaea qualifierId: Q000821 qualifierName: virology - descriptorId: D001419 descriptorName: Bacteria qualifierId: Q000821 qualifierName: virology - descriptorId: D001435 descriptorName: Bacteriophages qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D017105 descriptorName: Pseudomonas Phages qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D014764 descriptorName: Viral Proteins qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D001105 descriptorName: Archaea qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D001105 descriptorName: Archaea qualifierId: Q000276 qualifierName: immunology - descriptorId: D001419 descriptorName: Bacteria qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D001419 descriptorName: Bacteria qualifierId: Q000276 qualifierName: immunology - descriptorId: D001435 descriptorName: Bacteriophages qualifierId: Q000378 qualifierName: metabolism - descriptorId: D000076987 descriptorName: CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D000076987 descriptorName: CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 qualifierId: Q000276 qualifierName: immunology - descriptorId: D064112 descriptorName: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats qualifierId: Q000276 qualifierName: immunology - descriptorId: D019295 descriptorName: Computational Biology qualifierId: Q000379 qualifierName: methods - descriptorId: D000072669 descriptorName: Gene Editing qualifierId: Q000379 qualifierName: methods - descriptorId: D010957 descriptorName: Plasmids qualifierId: Q000378 qualifierName: metabolism - descriptorId: D039002 descriptorName: Prophages qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D039002 descriptorName: Prophages qualifierId: Q000378 qualifierName: metabolism - descriptorId: D017105 descriptorName: Pseudomonas Phages qualifierId: Q000378 qualifierName: metabolism - descriptorId: D014764 descriptorName: Viral Proteins qualifierId: Q000378 qualifierName: metabolism normalizedTypes: - article - review page: 23-30 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: meet-the-anti-crisprs-widespread-protein-A32PLdE tally: citingPublications: 57 contradicting: 0 mentioning: 52 supporting: 0 total: 52 unclassified: 0 title: >- Meet the Anti-CRISPRs: Widespread Protein Inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas Systems volume: '2' year: 2019 - abstract: >- CRISPR-Cas has proven to be the most versatile genetic tinkering system of our time, predominantly as a precision genome editing tool. Here, we demonstrate two additions to the repertoire of CRISPR's application for constructing donor DNA templates: CRISPR-CLONInG and CRISPR-CLIP. CRISPR-CLONInG (CRISPR-Cutting and Ligation Of Nucleic acid In vitro via Gibson) was devised to enable efficient cut-and-paste of multiple complex DNA fragments by using CRISPR-Cas9 as a digestion alternative with precision and exclusivity features, followed by joining the digested products via Gibson Assembly, to construct double-stranded DNA and adeno-associated virus (AAV) donor vectors rapidly without cloning scars. CRISPR-CLIP (CRISPR-Clipped Long ssDNA via Incising Plasmid) was devised as a DNA clipping tool to retrieve long single-stranded DNA (lssDNA) efficiently from plasmid, up to 3.5 kbase, which can be supplied as the donor template for creating genetically engineered mice via Easi-CRISPR. We utilized two different Cas types (Cpf1 and Cas9n) to induce two distinct incisions at the respective ends of the lssDNA cassette junctions on the plasmid, yielding three independent single-stranded DNA units of unique sizes eligible for strand separation, followed by target strand clip-out through gel extraction. The retrieval of the lssDNA donor circumvents involvements of restriction enzymes and DNA polymerase-based steps. Hence, it not only retains sequence fidelity but also carries virtually no restriction on sequence composition, further mitigating limitations on the current Easi-CRISPR method. With the add-on feature of universal DNA-tag sequences of Cpf1-Cas9 duo protospacer adjacent motif, CRISPR-CLIP can be facile and applicable to generate lssDNA templates for any genomic target of choice. Additionally, we demonstrate robust gene editing efficiencies in the neuroblastoma cell line, as well as in mice attained with the AAV and lssDNA donors constructed herein. authors: - affiliation: Rockefeller University affiliationSlug: rockefeller-university-n6RX authorName: Dorjee T.N. Shola authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: dorjee-t-n-shola-K6PxwWe - affiliation: Rockefeller University affiliationSlug: rockefeller-university-n6RX authorName: Chingwen Yang authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: chingwen-yang-XjPX2D - affiliation: Rockefeller University affiliationSlug: rockefeller-university-n6RX authorName: Vhy-Shelta Kewaldar authorSequenceNumber: '3' authorSlug: vhy-shelta-kewaldar-3nvp5wd - affiliation: Rockefeller University affiliationSlug: rockefeller-university-n6RX authorName: Pradip Kar authorSequenceNumber: '4' authorSlug: pradip-kar-V0W1a0W - affiliation: Rockefeller University affiliationSlug: rockefeller-university-n6RX authorName: Victor Bustos authorSequenceNumber: '5' authorSlug: victor-bustos-9RmVeb citations: - id: 2062798832 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9300000071525574 negative: 0.010288532450795173 neutral: 1 positive: 0.008860928937792778 refLocation: b9/1 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2019.0062 target: 10.1038/ncomms10431 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2062798824 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8700000047683716 negative: 0.0035790209658443928 neutral: 1 positive: 0.0031804069876670837 refLocation: b0/1 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2019.0062 target: 10.1126/science.1225829 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2062798828 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9100000262260437 negative: 0.009582705795764923 neutral: 1 positive: 0.007374918088316917 refLocation: b5/1 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2019.0062 target: 10.1126/science.1232033 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2020-04-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2019.0062 editorialNotices: [] highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2019.0062 issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '2' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1653308316 meshTypes: - descriptorId: D064113 descriptorName: CRISPR-Cas Systems qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D003001 descriptorName: Cloning, Molecular qualifierId: Q000379 qualifierName: methods - descriptorId: D000072669 descriptorName: Gene Editing qualifierId: Q000379 qualifierName: methods - descriptorId: D064112 descriptorName: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D004247 descriptorName: DNA qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D004277 descriptorName: DNA, Single-Stranded qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics - descriptorId: D010957 descriptorName: Plasmids qualifierId: Q000235 qualifierName: genetics normalizedTypes: - article - research support, non-u.s. gov't page: 109-122 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: new-additions-to-the-crispr-pn2mgzgQ tally: citingPublications: 4 contradicting: 0 mentioning: 2 supporting: 0 total: 2 unclassified: 0 title: >- New Additions to the CRISPR Toolbox: CRISPR-CLONInG and CRISPR-CLIP for Donor Construction in Genome Editing volume: '3' year: 2020 - abstract: >- The discovery of CRISPR has revolutionized the field of genome engineering, but the potential of this technology is far from reaching its limits. In this review, we explore the broad range of applications of CRISPR technology to highlight the rapid expansion of the field beyond gene editing alone. It has been demonstrated that CRISPR technology can control gene expression, spatiotemporally image the genome in vivo, and detect specific nucleic acid sequences for diagnostics. In addition, new technologies are under development to improve CRISPR quality controls for gene editing, thereby improving the reliability of these technologies for therapeutics and beyond. These are just some of the many CRISPR tools that have been developed in recent years, and the toolbox continues to diversify. authors: - affiliation: University of Copenhagen affiliationSlug: university-of-copenhagen-d3k1 authorName: Sarah Balderston authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: sarah-balderston-PQDRO4R - affiliation: University of Copenhagen affiliationSlug: university-of-copenhagen-d3k1 authorName: Gabrielle Clouse authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: gabrielle-clouse-0agNzrP - affiliation: University of Copenhagen affiliationSlug: university-of-copenhagen-d3k1 authorName: Juan-José Ripoll authorSequenceNumber: '3' authorSlug: juan-jose-ripoll-ZxJz18y - affiliation: University of Copenhagen affiliationSlug: university-of-copenhagen-d3k1 authorName: Grace K Pratt authorSequenceNumber: '4' authorSlug: grace-k-pratt-JW0z31D - affiliation: Novo Nordisk affiliationSlug: novo-nordisk-KOwJ authorName: Giedrius Gasiunas authorSequenceNumber: '5' authorSlug: giedrius-gasiunas-PQek6V - affiliation: University of Copenhagen affiliationSlug: university-of-copenhagen-d3k1 authorName: Jens-Ole Bock authorSequenceNumber: '6' authorSlug: jens-ole-bock-kZ62J6w - affiliation: Novo Nordisk affiliationSlug: novo-nordisk-KOwJ authorName: Eric P. Bennett authorSequenceNumber: '7' authorSlug: eric-p-bennett-6wwEM1 - affiliation: University of Copenhagen affiliationSlug: university-of-copenhagen-d3k1 authorName: Kiana Aran authorSequenceNumber: '8' authorSlug: kiana-aran-68aQNp citations: - id: 2493201676 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8299999833106995 negative: 0.009431590139865874 neutral: 1 positive: 0.009461314417421818 refLocation: b121/1 section: '' selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0137 target: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.054 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2493201659 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8199999928474426 negative: 0.0028272774070501328 neutral: 1 positive: 0.004844860639423132 refLocation: b113/1 section: '' selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0137 target: 10.1038/s41467-018-07498-y type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2493201661 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8299999833106995 negative: 0.012460177391767501 neutral: 1 positive: 0.012772923335433006 refLocation: b115/1 section: '' selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0137 target: 10.1126/science.aac6572 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2021-06-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0137 editorialNotices: [] highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0137 issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '3' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1624946906 meshTypes: [] normalizedTypes: - research support, n.i.h., extramural - article - research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s. page: 400-415 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: diversification-of-the-crispr-toolbox-LedVvaP5 title: >- Diversification of the CRISPR Toolbox: Applications of CRISPR-Cas Systems Beyond Genome Editing volume: '4' year: 2021 - abstract: >- Over the past two decades, developments in nextgeneration sequencing technologies have led a flourishing era of ''genome reading''. Recent CRISPR-based editing technologies are the beginning of a ''genome editing'' renaissance. CRISPR sequences were first discovered by microbiologists, but since 2012-2013, scientists across numerous fields worldwide have been attracted by the potential of CRISPR-Cas editing technologies as a versatile and accessible genome editing tool. A growing genome editing toolbox based on CRISPR systems involving Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, base editors (BEs), and prime editors (PEs) is advancing research in agriculture, biology, biotechnology, and medicine. [1][2][3] China has established itself as one of leading nations in the CRISPR revolution due to the immense scientific curiosity of the research community and generous support from the Chinese government, including heavy investment from central, provincial, and city governments in China. Both the National Natural Science Foundation of the central government and the Ministry of Science and Technology have approved multiple projects in various disciplines. In September 2017, China launched the Committee of Genome Editing, Genetics Society of China, which became a platform for accessible communication and cooperation between scientists to accelerate the development of CRISPR research and applications in China. At this annual workshop, scientists working in agriculture, basic research, biotechnology, and medicine shared their group's progress. authors: - affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences affiliationSlug: chinese-academy-of-sciences-k1lJ authorName: Caixia Gao authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: caixia-gao-rnWgAO - affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences affiliationSlug: chinese-academy-of-sciences-k1lJ authorName: Jia Chen authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: jia-chen-6Nnlr1 citations: - id: 2493201788 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9100000262260437 negative: 0.01616244502365589 neutral: 1 positive: 0.018683597445487976 refLocation: b4/1 selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2021.29129.gao target: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.031 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2493201807 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8899999856948853 negative: 0.015953593701124192 neutral: 1 positive: 0.01561760250478983 refLocation: b25/1 section: plant progress selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2021.29129.gao target: 10.1038/nbt.4202 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2493201817 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8999999761581421 negative: 0.022968332469463348 neutral: 1 positive: 0.060677677392959595 refLocation: b34/1 section: animal models and clinical trials selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2021.29129.gao target: 10.1056/nejmoa1817426 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2021-06-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2021.29129.gao editorialNotices: [] highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2021.29129.gao issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '3' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1624946906 meshTypes: [] normalizedTypes: - article - editorial page: 304-306 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: crispr-adventures-in-china-2NkOdG6D title: CRISPR Adventures in China volume: '4' year: 2021 - abstract: >- Over the past 8 years, the widespread adoption of CRISPR-based technologies has fueled the global genome editing revolution. This platform is based on Cas molecular machines such as Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, as well as other CRISPR effector proteins that are able to alter the genome, transcriptome, and epigenome of virtually any species. Technological improvements have rendered these tools more efficient and precise, and enabled functional diversification and specialization, as recently illustrated by the rise of base editing and the quickly growing demand for prime editing constructs. Here, we discuss the continued adoption of CRISPR tools and constructs distributed by the nonprofit organization Addgene, highlight the trends in the global demand for the CRISPR toolbox, and consider the widespread attitude changes around open sharing that are having a transformative effect on speeding up science. authors: - affiliation: North Carolina State University affiliationSlug: north-carolina-state-university-dv2b authorName: Rodolphe Barrangou authorSequenceNumber: '3' authorSlug: rodolphe-barrangou-1gjmnM - authorName: Caroline M LaManna authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: caroline-m-lamanna-n6l1meV - authorName: Brook Pyhtila authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: brook-pyhtila-G3lv041 citations: - id: 2181110106 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9599999785423279 negative: 0.008461072482168675 neutral: 1 positive: 0.014807685278356075 refLocation: b2/1 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0075 target: 10.1038/nbt.2177 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2181110102 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9300000071525574 negative: 0.010484088957309722 neutral: 1 positive: 0.009676134213805199 refLocation: b0/1 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0075 target: 10.1038/s41587-020-0561-9 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2181110111 lang: en langConfidence: 0.949999988079071 negative: 0.01637991853058338 neutral: 1 positive: 0.017453733831644058 refLocation: b0/5 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0075 target: 10.1038/s41587-020-0561-9 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2020-08-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0075 editorialNotices: [] highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0075 issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '4' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1614211293 meshTypes: - descriptorId: D000072669 descriptorName: Gene Editing qualifierId: Q000706 qualifierName: statistics & numerical data - descriptorId: D000072669 descriptorName: Gene Editing qualifierId: Q000639 qualifierName: trends normalizedTypes: - article page: 248-252 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: sharing-the-crispr-toolbox-with-b2nDdzdk tally: citingPublications: 3 contradicting: 0 mentioning: 1 supporting: 0 total: 1 unclassified: 0 title: >- Sharing the CRISPR Toolbox with an Expanding Community volume: '3' year: 2020 - abstract: >- Despite the strong presence of Chinese scientists in genome-editing research, little attention has been paid to the legal, economic, and scientific development of patented CRISPR technologies in China. In this study, we focus on CRISPR patent documents from academic and industrial Chinese players to assess their positioning on this breakthrough technology. We review the fields of application and the CRISPR components claimed in the relevant patent documents. Our results show different profiles observed for academic or industrial assignees. Most of the patent families in our data set cover applications in genome editing and nucleic-acid detection for human therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Trends in the patent data since 2014 confirm that China' R&D has rapidly developed a significant CRISPR patent landscape of its own, covering a diverse range of systems and applications. These recent developments deserve closer scrutiny from the international CRISPR community. authors: - authorName: Fabien Palazzoli authorSequenceNumber: '3' authorSlug: fabien-palazzoli-QEbNrQ - authorName: Solenne Bire authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: solenne-bire-8A25pQ - authorName: Corinne Le Buhan authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: corinne-le-buhan-pxY89AQ citations: - id: 2493201751 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8999999761581421 negative: 0.037576666474342345 neutral: 1 positive: 0.007451415061950684 refLocation: b23/1 section: distribution of international patent application extensions selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0020 target: 10.1007/s15010-020-01554-w type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2493201750 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9300000071525574 negative: 0.0068170661106705666 neutral: 1 positive: 0.0075931367464363575 refLocation: b17/1 section: methods selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0020 target: 10.1038/s41587-019-0138-7 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2493201748 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9399999976158142 negative: 0.030483537912368772 neutral: 1 positive: 0.031298160552978516 refLocation: b1/2 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0020 target: 10.1126/science.1225829 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2021-06-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0020 editorialNotices: [] highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0020 issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '3' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1624946906 meshTypes: [] normalizedTypes: - article - research support, non-u.s. gov't page: 339-349 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: the-crispr-patent-landscape-focus-n6KlMyxk tally: citingPublications: 1 contradicting: 0 mentioning: 3 supporting: 0 total: 3 unclassified: 0 title: >- The CRISPR Patent Landscape: Focus on Chinese Researchers volume: '4' year: 2021 - abstract: >- CRISPR technology has dramatically changed scientists' ability to conduct research in medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture through faster, more efficient genome editing. A key driver of the technology's adoption is the easy, fast, and inexpensive access to vectors and the resulting next-generation tools by the nonprofit plasmid repository Addgene. Since 2013, Addgene has shipped over 100,000 CRISPR plasmids to more than 75 countries worldwide. This pipeline of new technologies is enabling cutting-edge research to address the grand challenges of mankind. authors: - affiliation: North Carolina State University affiliationSlug: north-carolina-state-university-dv2b authorName: Caroline M LaManna authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: caroline-m-lamanna-n6l1meV - affiliation: North Carolina State University affiliationSlug: north-carolina-state-university-dv2b authorName: Rodolphe Barrangou authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: rodolphe-barrangou-1gjmnM citations: - id: 2311317903 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9399999976158142 negative: 0.013812662288546562 neutral: 1 positive: 0.019115913659334183 refLocation: b4/1 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0022 target: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.010 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2311317900 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9200000166893005 negative: 0.00758434385061264 neutral: 1 positive: 0.007091222796589136 refLocation: b1/1 section: introduction selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0022 target: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.92 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2311317905 lang: en langConfidence: 0.949999988079071 negative: 0.03981065154075623 neutral: 1 positive: 0.03066163882613182 refLocation: b6/1 section: democratizing crispr selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0022 target: 10.1126/science.307.5717.1877a type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2018-06-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0022 editorialNotices: [] highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0022 issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '3' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1614211293 meshTypes: [] normalizedTypes: - article page: 205-208 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: enabling-the-rise-of-a-OVdPEen tally: citingPublications: 17 contradicting: 0 mentioning: 8 supporting: 0 total: 8 unclassified: 0 title: >- Enabling the Rise of a CRISPR World volume: '1' year: 2018 - abstract: >- The CRISPR-CRISPR-associated (Cas) nuclease system offers the ability to perform unprecedented functional genetic experiments and the promise of therapy for a variety of genetic disorders. The understanding of factors contributing to CRISPR targeting efficacy and specificity continues to evolve. As CRISPR systems rely on Watson-Crick base pairing to ultimately mediate genomic cleavage, it logically follows that genetic variation would affect CRISPR targeting by increasing or decreasing sequence homology at on-target and off-target sites or by altering protospacer adjacent motifs. Numerous efforts have been made to document the extent of human genetic variation, which can serve as resources to understand and mitigate the effect of genetic variation on CRISPR targeting. Here, we review efforts to elucidate the effect of human genetic variation on CRISPR targeting at on-target and off-target sites with considerations for laboratory experiments and clinical translation of CRISPR-based therapies. authors: - affiliation: Harvard University affiliationSlug: harvard-university-NmzP authorName: Matthew C. Canver authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: matthew-c-canver-9OzG29 - affiliation: Harvard University affiliationSlug: harvard-university-NmzP authorName: J. Keith Joung authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: j-keith-joung-1Z9dGV - affiliation: Harvard University affiliationSlug: harvard-university-NmzP authorName: Luca Pinello authorSequenceNumber: '3' authorSlug: luca-pinello-b2KgY6 citations: - id: 2446950013 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8799999952316284 negative: 0.01042686626315117 neutral: 1 positive: 0.011256013065576553 refLocation: b103/1 section: alteration of the off-target landscape by genetic variation selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2017.0016 target: 10.1001/jama.2015.287 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2446949881 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9100000262260437 negative: 0.003670770954340696 neutral: 1 positive: 0.003853459842503071 refLocation: b25/1 section: human genetic variation selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2017.0016 target: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.005 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 2446949997 lang: en langConfidence: 0.800000011920929 negative: 0.01579469069838524 neutral: 1 positive: 0.01340237632393837 refLocation: b89/1 section: alteration of the off-target landscape by genetic variation selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2017.0016 target: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.06.001 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2018-04-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2017.0016 editorialNotices: [] highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2017.0016 issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '2' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1620137337 meshTypes: [] normalizedTypes: - article - review page: 159-170 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: impact-of-genetic-variation-on-J12p0ED tally: citingPublications: 13 contradicting: 0 mentioning: 8 supporting: 0 total: 8 unclassified: 0 title: >- Impact of Genetic Variation on CRISPR-Cas Targeting volume: '1' year: 2018 - abstract: >- Abstract Student-centered practices, including student-focused research opportunities, enhance biology education and comprehension. One way to support student interest is through research opportunities in faculty laboratories. However, alternatives to traditional research apprenticeships are important for the inclusion of more undergraduate students in CRISPR-Cas-based research. Student interest in CRISPR-Cas technologies serves as a timely focal point for deepening undergraduate student engagement in biology courses. In this article, we describe some of the ongoing efforts to bring CRISPR-Cas technology out of the classroom and into the teaching laboratory. IntroductionThe most effective biology teaching actively engages students in their classrooms and coursework through group-work, activities, and discussion, which all access higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills. authors: - affiliation: Western Washington University affiliationSlug: western-washington-university-vZeN authorName: Lina Dahlberg authorSequenceNumber: '1' authorSlug: lina-dahlberg-9OpEQYb - affiliation: Western Washington University affiliationSlug: western-washington-university-vZeN authorName: Anna M Groat Carmona authorSequenceNumber: '2' authorSlug: anna-m-groat-carmona-vJXwMjW citations: - id: 1026238417 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9100000262260437 negative: 0.0003956407424993813 neutral: 1.0982242345809938 positive: 0.0008117514313198626 refLocation: b21/5 section: measuring success selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0007 target: 10.1038/nprot.2016.186 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1.0982242345809938 - id: 1026238405 lang: en langConfidence: 0.9200000166893005 negative: 0.007233731634914874 neutral: 1 positive: 0.00824350118637085 refLocation: b24/2 selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0007 target: 10.1002/bmb.21025 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 - id: 1026238385 lang: en langConfidence: 0.8700000047683716 negative: 0.01746259890496731 neutral: 1 positive: 0.017191654071211815 refLocation: b5/1 section: faculty research opportunities selfCites: [] snippet: '' snippetHidden: true source: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0007 target: 10.1002/sce.20173 type: mentioning typeConfidence: 1 date: '2018-04-01' doi: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0007 editorialNotices: [] highlightedFields: - journal - shortJournal - abstract - citations.snippet - title id: 10.1089/crispr.2018.0007 issns: - 2573-1599 - 2573-1602 issue: '2' journal: The crispr Journal lastUpdate: 1614211293 meshTypes: [] normalizedTypes: - article page: 107-114 publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc shortJournal: The CRISPR Journal slug: crispr-cas-technology-in-and-out-RVdWyv5 tally: citingPublications: 12 contradicting: 0 mentioning: 10 supporting: 0 total: 10 unclassified: 0 title: >- CRISPR-Cas Technology In and Out of the Classroom volume: '1' year: 2018 restrictedCites: true HTTPValidationError: properties: detail: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/ValidationError' type: array title: Detail type: object title: HTTPValidationError AggregationSchema: properties: paperTypes: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/_AggregationBucketSchema' type: array title: Papertypes journals: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/_AggregationBucketSchema' type: array title: Journals topics: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/_AggregationBucketSchema' type: array title: Topics substances: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/_AggregationBucketSchema' type: array title: Substances meshDescriptors: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/_AggregationBucketSchema' type: array title: Meshdescriptors editorialNotices: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/_AggregationBucketSchema' type: array title: Editorialnotices authors: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/_AggregationBucketSchema' type: array title: Authors affiliations: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/_AggregationBucketSchema' type: array title: Affiliations dateHistogram: items: $ref: '#/components/schemas/_DateBucket' type: array title: Datehistogram maxDate: anyOf: - 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